{"id":756,"date":"2022-09-06T18:52:50","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T18:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/systemintsol.com\/?p=756"},"modified":"2022-11-18T12:32:55","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T12:32:55","slug":"what-is-cryptography-cryptographic-algorithms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/?p=756","title":{"rendered":"What is Cryptography? Cryptographic Algorithms Types of Cryptography"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc\" style=\"background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px;\">\n<p class=\"toctitle\" style=\"font-weight: 700;text-align: center;\">Content<\/p>\n<ul class=\"toc_list\">\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0\">Stream Cipher<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1\">Cyber Security Course<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2\">Demo on Cryptography<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3\">Cloud-native Protection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4\">What is cryptography?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5\">Communicating that a certificate has been revoked<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7\">cryptography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>If you want others to know that you gave the certificate your stamp of approval, you can export the signature to a certificate server so that others can see it. For example, you may not care if anyone knows that you just deposited $1000 in your account, but you do want to be darn sure it was the bank teller you were dealing with. A cryptographic algorithm, plus all possible keys and all the protocols that make it work comprise a cryptosystem. One would think, then, that strong cryptography would hold up rather well against even an extremely determined cryptanalyst.<\/p>\n<p>In 2007, the cryptographic keys responsible for Blu-ray and HD DVD content scrambling were discovered and released onto the Internet. In both cases, the Motion Picture Association of America sent out numerous DMCA takedown notices, and there was a massive Internet backlash triggered by the perceived impact of such notices on fair use and free speech. Cryptanalysis of the new mechanical ciphering devices proved to be both difficult and laborious. In the United Kingdom, cryptanalytic efforts at Bletchley Park during WWII spurred the development of more efficient means for carrying out repetitious tasks, such as military code breaking . This culminated in the development of the Colossus, the world&#8217;s first fully electronic, digital, programmable computer, which assisted in the decryption of ciphers generated by the German Army&#8217;s Lorenz SZ40\/42 machine. Language letter frequencies may offer little help for some extended historical encryption techniques such as homophonic cipher that tend to flatten the frequency distribution.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A cryptographic hash function is a mathematical function which takes any data as input and produces an output with special characteristics.<\/li>\n<li>ECC can create smaller and more efficient encryption keys, and has gained the praise and recognition of cybersecurity experts everywhere.<\/li>\n<li>An average threshold cryptosystem splits the private keys among participants such that a minimum number of participants must contribute to decrypting the information or signing transactions.<\/li>\n<li>The stages of encryption and decryption are similar if not identical, which means reversing the key reduces the code size and circuitry required for implementing the cipher in a piece of software or hardware.<\/li>\n<li>Now, since I\u2019m the only one that owns the corresponding private key, I\u2019ll be able to decrypt that message once I receive it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In general, in order to function securely, the internet needs a way for communicating parties to establish a secure communications channel while only talking to each other across an inherently insecure network. The way this works is via asymmetric cryptography, which is sometimes called public key cryptography. Modern cryptography is a method of sending and receiving messages that only the intended receiver and sender can read \u2014 to prevent third-party access. It often involves encryption of electronic data, which commonly creates ciphertext by scrambling regular text. Then, it uses a decryption key of some form to return it to readable format on the receiving end. Cryptography can involve either a symmetric key system, which is the simplest, or an asymmetric key system, which is typically more secure.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0\">Stream Cipher<\/h2>\n<p>As long as the majority \u2013above the threshold\u2013 remain honest, the system remains secure. After setting the number of participants N, threshold cryptography introduces a new variable, which we call K, representing the minimum number of participants required to reform the secret or sign a message. As we mentioned earlier, threshold schemes consider fault tolerance and assume that a single point of failure is not ideal for any functional system. Therefore, in a threshold cryptosystem, the number of participants required to decrypt the secret has to be greater than or equal to K but less than N, where K is also less than N. A hashing algorithm will convert data into a fixed-length string of text called a hash value.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class='aligncenter' style='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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\" width=\"308px\" alt=\"how does cryptography work\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Decryption is the reverse, in other words, moving from the unintelligible ciphertext back to plaintext. A cipher is a pair of algorithms that carry out the encryption and the reversing decryption. The detailed operation of a cipher is controlled both by the algorithm and, in each instance, by a &#8220;key&#8221;. The key is  a secret , usually a  string of characters , which is needed to decrypt the ciphertext. Keys are important both formally and in actual practice, as ciphers without variable keys can be trivially broken with only the knowledge of the cipher used and are therefore useless (or even counter-productive) for most purposes.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1\">Cyber Security Course<\/h2>\n<p>For example, a journalist can publish the public key of an encryption key pair on a web site so that sources can send secret messages to the news organization in ciphertext. Only the journalist who knows the corresponding private key can decrypt the ciphertexts to obtain the sources&#8217; messages\u2014an eavesdropper reading email on its way to the journalist can&#8217;t decrypt the ciphertexts. However, public-key encryption doesn&#8217;t conceal metadata like what computer a source used to send a message, when they sent it, or how long it is. Public-key encryption on its own also doesn&#8217;t tell the recipient anything about who sent a message\u2014it just conceals the content of a message in a ciphertext that can only be decrypted with the private key. In an asymmetric key encryption scheme, anyone can encrypt messages using a public key, but only the holder of the paired private key can decrypt such a message.<\/p>\n<p>The first key is a public key that is used to encrypt messages, while the second key is used to decode them. This method is that it can only decipher encrypted messages received from a public key. They make a message, transaction, or data value unreadable for an unauthorized reader or recipient, and it can be read and processed only by the intended recipient.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2\">Demo on Cryptography<\/h2>\n<p>An attacker might also study the pattern and length of messages to derive valuable information; this is known as traffic analysis and can be quite useful to an alert adversary. Poor administration of a cryptosystem, such as permitting too short keys, will make any system vulnerable, regardless of other virtues. Attackers can bypass cryptography, hack into computers that are responsible for data encryption and decryption, and exploit weak implementations, such as the use of default keys. However, cryptography makes it harder for attackers to access messages and data protected by encryption algorithms. One issue with public key cryptosystems is that users must be constantly vigilant to ensure that they are encrypting to the correct person&#8217;s key. In an environment where it is safe to freely exchange keys via public servers, man-in-the-middle attacks are a potential threat.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class='aligncenter' style='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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\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width=\"305px\" alt=\"how does cryptography work\"\/><\/p>\n<p>In most situations, people completely trust the CA to establish certificates&#8217; validity. This means that everyone else relies upon the CA to go through the whole manual validation process for them. This is fine up to a certain number of users or number of work sites, and then it is not possible for the CA to maintain the same level of quality validation. You can check that a certificate is valid by calling the key&#8217;s owner and asking the owner to read his or her key&#8217;s fingerprint to you and verifying that fingerprint against the one you believe to be the real one. This works if you know the owner&#8217;s voice, but, how do you manually verify the identity of someone you don&#8217;t know?<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3\">Cloud-native Protection<\/h2>\n<p>After they are posted to the blockchain, transactions remain encrypted until validators decrypt them. In practice, cryptographic techniques are targeted at keeping information or secrets between the concerned parties away from adversaries. Looking at the bigger picture, cryptography aims to create secure ecosystems that can remain functional with or without the participation of trusted entities.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class='aligncenter' style='display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;' 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\" width=\"309px\" alt=\"how does cryptography work\"\/><\/p>\n<p>In some advanced man-in-the-middle attacks, one side of the communication will see the original data while the other will receive a malicious variant. Asymmetric man-in-the-middle attacks can prevent users from realizing their connection is compromised. This remains so even when one user&#8217;s data is known to be compromised because the data appears fine to the other user.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4\">What is cryptography?<\/h2>\n<p>Every user in an asymmetric cryptosystem has both a public key and a private key. The private key is kept secret at all times, but the public key may be freely distributed. Generic forms of PKC use two keys that are related mathematically but do not enable either to be determined.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5\">Communicating that a certificate has been revoked<\/h2>\n<p>As described in the section Public Key Infrastructures, some companies designate one or more Certification Authorities to indicate certificate validity. In an organization using a PKI with X.509 certificates, it is the job of the CA to issue certificates to users \u2014 a process which generally entails responding to a user&#8217;s request for a certificate. In an organization using OpenPGP certificates without a PKI, it is the job of the CA to check the authenticity <a href=\"https:\/\/xcritical.com\/blog\/what-is-cryptography-and-how-does-it-work\/\">how does cryptography work<\/a> of all OpenPGP certificates and then sign the good ones. A digital certificate is basically a collection of identifying information bound together with a public key and signed by a trusted third party to prove its authenticity. While the public and private keys are mathematically related, it&#8217;s very difficult to derive the private key given only the public key; however, deriving the private key is always possible given enough time and computing power.<\/p>\n<p>The Nation Bureau of Standards in the U.S. put out a request for proposals for a block cipher that would become a national standard. Imagine that the FBI gets ahold of your personal mobile phone, and they want to snoop around to see what you\u2019ve <a href=\"https:\/\/xcritical.com\/\">https:\/\/xcritical.com\/<\/a> been up to. The methods they would employ to \u201ccrack\u201d the code and decrypt the contents of your phone would be cryptanalysis techniques. Good secret managers will encrypt your keys using a strong key-derivation function like bcrypt or scrypt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6\">Cryptography Definition<\/h2>\n<p>Sending your encryption key in a plain text form along with your encrypted message, for example, is similar to leaving your front door key in plain sight in front of your locked door. Asymmetrical cryptography is a step further than symmetrical cryptography, using different keys for encryption and decryption. The decryption key is kept \u201cprivate,\u201d and only intended recipients can have access to this secret key. While this adds an extra layer of security, it can also take longer to encrypt and decrypt data, so it is regularly used for smaller bits of data.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, as we said, any cryptographic system involves both an algorithm and a key. Kerckhoffs believed that &#8220;a cryptographic system should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge.&#8221; In fact, the development of computers and advances in cryptography went hand in hand. Charles Babbage, whose idea for the Difference Engine presaged modern computers, was also interested in cryptography. Cryptography got radically more complex as computers became available, but it remained the province of spies and generals for several more decades.<\/p>\n<p>Steganography (i.e., hiding even the existence of a message so as to keep it confidential) was also first developed in ancient times. An early example, from Herodotus, was a message tattooed on a slave&#8217;s shaved head and concealed under the regrown hair. More modern examples of steganography include the use of invisible ink, microdots, and digital watermarks to conceal information.<\/p>\n<p>Cryptography is how we can achieve more secure and robust connections to elevate our privacy. Advancements in cryptography makes it harder to break encryptions so that encrypted files, folders, or network connections are only accessible to authorized users. Users should always encrypt any messages they send, ideally using a form of public key encryption.<\/p>\n<p>In a Distributed Key Generation setup, participants have to contribute to the key generation and distribution process. Each participant sends their portion of the private keys to the DKG function, which hands over the public key to everyone and splits the private key such that each participant receives a portion that must be kept secret. Some protocols, like SKALE, have applied threshold cryptography schemes to combat MEV. Senders use this key to encrypt transactions before submission to the network for validation. When encrypted transactions lie in the mempool, their details are shielded from validators.<\/p>\n<p>Trending Now Man-in-the-Middle Attack A man-in-the-middle attack is a form of cyberattack in which criminals exploiting weak web-based protocols insert themselves between entities in a communication. Protect your 4G and 5G public and private infrastructure and services. The 2016 FBI\u2013Apple encryption dispute concerns the ability of courts in the United States to compel manufacturers&#8217; assistance in unlocking cell phones whose contents are cryptographically protected. In the United States, the federal criminal case of United States v. Fricosu addressed whether a search warrant can compel a person to reveal an encryption passphrase or password. The Electronic Frontier Foundation argued that this is a violation of the protection from self-incrimination given by the Fifth Amendment. In 2012, the court ruled that under the All Writs Act, the defendant was required to produce an unencrypted hard drive for the court.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Content Stream Cipher Cyber Security Course Demo on Cryptography Cloud-native Protection What is cryptography? Communicating that a certificate has been revoked cryptography If you want others to know that you gave the certificate your stamp of approval, you can export the signature to a certificate server so that others can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fintech-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=756"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":757,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756\/revisions\/757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/systemintsol.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}